Upcoming Tax Law Changes To Affect Construction Business Owners

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), signed into law in 2017 and effective in 2018, introduced substantial changes to the tax landscape for individuals and businesses alike. However, a significant portion of these changes are temporary, set to expire by the end of 2025. With the November election poised to influence the future of these provisions, it is crucial for construction business owners to understand the impending tax law changes and strategically plan for their potential impacts.

Essentially, if no significant tax legislation is passed by late 2025, many of the law's provisions will return to pre-TCJA levels. Key individual provisions scheduled to expire Dec. 31, 2025, include:

Other provisions that may be significant for your construction business itself include:

Under this provision, owners of sole proprietorships and eligible pass-through entities (most partnerships and S corporations) may qualify for a deduction of up to 20% of qualified business income (QBI). It's a substantial tax break that's intended to put pass-through entities, including many construction businesses, on more equal footing tax-wise with C corporations eligible for the flat 21% corporate tax rate, which isn't scheduled to expire.

Business income for pass-through entities is taxed according to ordinary individual income tax rates. And unless Congress acts to extend the QBI deduction, it won't be available after 2025, potentially substantially increasing tax liability for these entities.

Under the TCJA, eligible employers that continue to pay wages while employees are on qualified family and medical leave may be able to claim a tax credit calculated as a percentage of wages paid while on leave. This credit won't be available after 2025 unless Congress acts to extend it.

Under bonus depreciation, eligible companies can immediately deduct a certain percentage of the cost of qualifying asset purchases in the year those assets are placed in service. This has been a particularly useful tax break for construction businesses, which must regularly invest in heavy equipment and vehicles. Unfortunately, it's being phased out.

The TCJA initially raised bonus depreciation's deductible percentage to a full 100%. But it fell to 80% in 2023 and then to 60% this year. It's scheduled to continue decreasing annually to 40% for 2025 and 20% for 2026 before vanishing in 2027. After 2026, absent congressional action, companies will generally have to capitalize the cost of asset purchases and recover those costs much more slowly — unless the asset purchases qualify for Sec. 179 expensing.

The TCJA also increased the Sec. 179 deduction. In 2024, companies may be able to claim first-year-in-service deductions of up to $1.22 million for eligible asset purchases (subject to various limitations). Before the TCJA, Sec. 179 deductions were limited to a mere $500,000. Fortunately, the higher limit isn't scheduled to expire, and it will continue to be indexed for inflation annually.

Because of the scheduled increase in individual tax rates and lower standard deductions, construction business owners that operate their companies as sole proprietorships, most forms of partnerships and S corporations, and that don't itemize deductions may want to consider accelerating income to take advantage of the lower tax rates and higher standard deductions through 2025.

Beyond that, you may want to evaluate the tax accounting methods your construction business uses on a contract-by-contract basis. Several options are available to align tax payments with contract revenue — including the accrual method, which allows eligible contractors to recognize revenue as soon as they bill for work, regardless of payment status.

Also, to the extent possible, work with your leadership team to forecast whether you'll need to make any big-ticket asset purchases in upcoming years — and, if so, which ones. You may want to buy equipment, vehicles and other qualifying items while bonus depreciation is still available and before it decreases any further.

Bear in mind that your construction company may be able to combine bonus depreciation with the Sec. 179 deduction in the same tax year. And it's worth noting that, if bonus depreciation continues to be phased out as scheduled, some contractors may still be able to claim Sec. 179 deductions.

As the expiration of many key TCJA provisions approaches, the time to act is now. Construction business owners must proactively reassess their tax strategies to mitigate potential increases in tax liabilities. Whether it's accelerating income, optimizing tax accounting methods, or making strategic asset